Print bookPrint book

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES

Site: TARUS OGIEK TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE
Course: TARUS OGIEK TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE
Book: BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES
Printed by:
Date: Tuesday, 1 September 2026, 6:39 PM

Description

https://www.ny-engineers.com/hubfs/Webp-Images/Masonry-Construction.webp
https://www.yourhome.gov.au/sites/default/files/inline-images/M_Concrete_Slab_Floors_2%20%20LowRes.jpg
https://www.understandconstruction.com/uploads/1/7/0/2/17029032/6943278.jpg?669=
4

1. Introduction

Building construction materials and techniques refer to the materials used in construction and the methods applied to assemble them to form safe, durable, and functional structures. The selection of materials and techniques depends on factors such as cost, availability, climate, strength requirements, and intended use of the building.

Table of contents

1. INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES

1.2 Meaning of Building Construction

Building construction refers to the process of assembling materials to create a structure that is safe, functional, and durable. It involves planning, design, material selection, and execution of works according to specifications.

Construction combines:

  • Materials

  • Skilled labor

  • Tools and equipment

  • Construction techniques

1.3 Classification of Building Materials

1. Natural Materials

Obtained directly from nature with little processing.
Examples:

  • Stone

  • Timber

  • Sand

  • Clay

2. Manufactured (Artificial) Materials

Produced through industrial processes.
Examples:

  • Cement

  • Concrete

  • Steel

  • Glass

  • Bricks

1.4 Importance of Building Materials

Building materials are important because they:

  • Provide strength and stability

  • Ensure durability

  • Improve appearance (aesthetics)

  • Provide insulation (thermal and sound)

  • Ensure safety and comfort

Proper selection of materials affects the overall performance and lifespan of a building.

1.5 Factors Affecting Selection of Materials

When selecting materials, consider:

  1. Cost and availability

  2. Strength and durability

  3. Climate conditions

  4. Maintenance requirements

  5. Environmental impact

  6. Local building regulations

2. PROPERTIES OF BUILDING MATERIALS

1. Introduction

Properties of building materials refer to the characteristics that determine how a material behaves under different conditions such as load, temperature, moisture, and fire. Understanding these properties helps in selecting suitable materials for construction.

2. Physical Properties

These describe the natural characteristics of a material.

2.1 Density

Mass per unit volume of a material.

  • High density → stronger and heavier (e.g., concrete)

  • Low density → lighter (e.g., timber)

2.2 Porosity

Ability of a material to absorb water.

  • High porosity → absorbs more moisture

  • Affects durability

2.3 Moisture Content

Amount of water present in a material.
Important for timber and soil.

2.4 Specific Gravity

Ratio of material density to water density.

2.5 Texture and Appearance

Surface finish and color affect aesthetics.