2. PROPERTIES OF BUILDING MATERIALS

1. Introduction

Properties of building materials refer to the characteristics that determine how a material behaves under different conditions such as load, temperature, moisture, and fire. Understanding these properties helps in selecting suitable materials for construction.

2. Physical Properties

These describe the natural characteristics of a material.

2.1 Density

Mass per unit volume of a material.

• High density → stronger and heavier (e.g., concrete)

• Low density → lighter (e.g., timber)

2.2 Porosity

Ability of a material to absorb water.

• High porosity → absorbs more moisture

• Affects durability

2.3 Moisture Content

Amount of water present in a material.
Important for timber and soil.

2.4 Specific Gravity

Ratio of material density to water density.

2.5 Texture and Appearance

Surface finish and color affect aesthetics.